Akan Weights, Odd & Primitive Money and World Coins

Saturday March 27, 1999

AKAN GOLD WEIGHTS & MANILLAS

From the fifteenth century until the last century the western coast of Africa was a land of plentiful river gold. The native peoples called the Akan with two primary tribes, the Baule (Baoule') in the Ivory Coast and the Asante (Ashanti) in the Gold Coast, dominated the gold gathering and trading in the region. A fascinating collectible series of items has emanated from this prolific trade. There was a large assortment of weights used by the natives to balance their gold dust and gold nuggets in order to obtain market value. In the early periods from 1400-1700 they relied on a system of geometric weights which was inherited from the Islamic traders who in turn adopted their weight system from the Byzantine rulers who in turn got their system from the Romans, and eventually the weight devices system can be traced back through the Greeks to the Phoenicians, Jews, Egyptians and eventually back to the earliest traders of Mesopotamia, the Sumerians. It is interesting to note that all of these cultures employed geometric shapes made from stone or metal in their early metrological development.

The Akan people employed the cire perdue "lost wax' method of casting when they made their gold weights. They could take items from nature like a crab's claw or a peanut, place the item to be copied in a mud wrapping, pour in molten brass which would burn out the claw or peanut or wax model and leave a molten replica in its place. After the cooling process the casting was then "cleaned" up, perhaps incised designs were added and the finished product was either a geometric weight or in later periods, the 18th and 19th centuries, the weights took figurative forms of animals and people in every day life scenarios.

It is difficult to date these miniature sculptures because until this century, artisans were making the same figurative weights the same way as their forebears had in centuries past. Only the geometric weights seem to have come through the years as essentially uncopied. The weights offered here were found in a small village in Ghana where they were mixed with the slave trade "dollar" the manilla, a torque-like brass bracelet. Manillas were used for many years as a currency. (A heavy "hoard of gold weights and manillas was offered to me some years ago, and I now have organized them to offer to the collecting public.) The natives began to make their own bracelets many of which resembled shackles. Some of the heavier examples were probably also used as a media of exchange during the hectic centuries of the slave trade. Examples of manillas and their cousins will be offered after this extensive listing of Akan gold weights. A few "background" items such as the scales, gold spoons, and gold boxes will be offered before the weights themselves which will start with the geometric and proceed to the figurative weights.

Start of Auction

1. Akan equal arm balance scale all in copper with cotton fiber ties. The central part of the beam is decorated with perforations. L: 3"; pans D: 1.5". See NB I, pp. 76-77. $100

2. Akan tribal weight box. the lid is decorated by a crocodile in bas relief between rows of bars. 2"x1:x5/6". rough casting. $50

3. Another brass box for storing gold dust; the lid with swastika design. NB pp. 86-87. 2x1x.54". $125

4. A similar box with a design resembling a "9" in center of lid. NB pp.86-87. 2x1x.75". $75

5. Another gold dust box with geometric designs. NB pp. 86-87. 2x1x.75" $100

6. Three brass box lids and three unmatched bases. The lids are geometrical. NB p. 88. $50/lot

7. A fine Ashanti weight in the form of an oliphant horn. L: 2.5". A choice early weight. $75

8. A round brass lid with antelope atop; the legs of missing figure on other side of lid. D: 1.75". $50

9. A fine round hammered brass abampouroua (gold box) with repousee designs. D: 3.5". $250

10. Two small brass abampouroua boxes with lids that are not perfect fits. 2x1x.5". $125/2

11. A "fanfa" or scoop-like pan, of copper used to to separate gold from chaf. NB p. 90. Fine $25

12. A finely designed gold dust spoon of silver alloy. L: 4". $125

Early Gold Weights,

c. 1400-1700 A.D.

13. Two examples of a yoboue or square dice-like weight similar to earlier Islamic weights. See NB p. 96 rt. column. Rare. $50/2

14. A smelted plain square (1.1") weight, holed in the center with three grooves on each side and incised diagonal, lines. NB p. 98. $50

15. A similar holed square (1.75sq") weight with X in center NB pp. 100-101, D: 1.5 x1.3". $65

16. A large round serrated brass weight with copper inlaid points interspersed amongst finely engraved designs. NB p. 101. D: 3.5" This large weight is rare! De Rochesnard describes such serrated round weights as "solar." $175

17. A similar but slightly smaller example. D: 3.1" $165

18. A lot of two similar, smaller and cruder weights. NB p. 101. $100/2

19. A fine smaller serrated weight with inlaid designs of solar aspects. D: 1.75". $75

20. A fine circular weight with central cross. D: 2.25". $100

21. A lot of four circular weights with different designs. D: 1.75-3". $150/4

22. A lot of four circular weights with different designs. D: 1.75-3". $150/4

23. A semi-circular weight in form of a protractor. NB p. 105. W: 3.25". $75

24. A fine thick square (2") weight with traces of inlay and incised script-like designs. NB pp. 110-111. $75

25. A fine thin square (2.5") weight with nine copper inlaid dots forming a "magic" square which is visible on both top and bottom of the weight. $175

26. An unusual and complicated flat rectangular brass weight called an "ananan." NB p. 109. dimensions: 3.25 x 1.5". $50

27. Two "protractor" shaped flat incised brass weights. See NB p. 105. W: 2.5". $50/2

28. A rare notched flat brass incised triangular weight. H: 2". $50

29. A fine Ashanti rectangular shield weight. 1.5" x 1'. Choice! $75

30. A lot of four earliest period weights; various types as above. $150/4

Later Geometric Weights

(Arranged according to Garrard's Work)

31. Pyramidal-shaped rectangular weights on three steps, c. 1500-1720. NB p. 117; G p. 282. dim: 1.75 x 1.5". $50

32. Two flat pyramidal brass weights. NB p. 117. W: 1.75". $75/2

33. A polygonal weight with three bars and a symbol like a "Y". cp. Garrard pl. 37, pp. 280-281. He calls this a "pereguan" weight. W: 36mm. Rare! $75

34. Another example with same inscription, but thinner flan and two rows of pellets. W: 48 mm. $75

35. A lot of three small pyramidal weights. W: 20 mm. $25/3

36. A circular brass weight with bar designs not supported by a base. NB p. 131. D: 5 cm. $25

37. A similar brass weight with central bar and no base. NB p. 131. D: 5 cm. $40

38. Another openwork circular weight with engraved designs and dark patina. D: 5 cm. $40

39. An interesting circular weight with triangular cut-outs resulting in a solar design. D: 52 mm. $75

40. A solid circular weight with nicely detailed central cross and peripheral "solar" markings. D: 50 mm. $100

41. A large open worked oval weight stylized as an "eye." Cp. NB p. 133. W: 5". $75

42. A lot of five similar but smaller examples. W: 3"-3.25". $100/5

43. A fine old Ashanti weight of a rectangular shield with double cross design. A choice early piece. .75"x.50". $75

44. A circular weight on a base with assymetrical design. NB p. 135. D: 1.5". $35

45. An exceptionally thick rectangular weight with large "X" design; circle in center of cross and spheres on each corner with same design in relief on both sides. 45 x 40 x 20 mm. Rare! $125

46. A fine old Ashanti double comb weight. W: 2". Rare! $100

47. A small square weight with gammadion (swastike) design. NB p. 143. $50

48. A larger square weight with stylized swastika. See NB pp. 166-177 where he goes into great detail describing most of the ancient cultures who used this symbol. $50

49. A hexagonal weight with curved gammadion. W: 2". $75

50. Two geometric weights with stylized gammadions. W: 1.25-1.5". $100/2

51. An Ashanti shield weight with a complicated serpentine pattern. Nice patina. 1.25"x1" Rare! $75

52. A square weight with five spirals giving the appearance of a five on a die. $50

53. A lot of four different square weights all thick earliest period examples. $100/4

54. A pair of virtually (but not exactly) the same square (37 mm) weight with spirals in relief. Nice! $75/2

55. A lot of three ingot-shaped brass gold weights. Cp. NB p. 118. $30/3

56. A lot of four Baule bronze gold weights of early types as above. D: 4 cm square. $100/5

57. A better lot of ten geometrical weights of smaller Ashanti types20 mm sq. $100/10

58. An unusual denticulated and incised weight. NB II, p.188. $50

Early Figurative Weights

(NB Volumes II & III)

59. A very fine direct investment casting of a hermit crab in its shell house. Unique" W: 35 mm. Rare! $200

60. An Ashanti tribal bell and three small conical huts. L: 3 cml W: 15 mm. $50/4

Latter Part of Late Period

61. A Baule weight in the form of a mudfish. L: 6 cm Rare! $50

62. A brass weight in the form of a "seafish." NB II p. 77 top. L: 2". $35

63. Two larger stylized sawfish in curled posture. NB II, p. 77 bottom. L: 3". $50/2

64. A "sankofa" or bird on three steps brass weight of Ashanti workmanship. W: 65 mm. Cp. NB p. 90. $25

65. A smaller example of a crude mudfish. W: 2". $65

66. A rare brass camel weight with loop, missing front left leg. H: 1". Apparently unpublished. $65

67. A nicely made "flat-fish" in dark patina. NB II p. 79, rt. column variety. $125

68. An unusual pendant fish weight of stylized mudfish with spiral designs all around body. See Zeller XVII, 424-26. W: 3'. Looped when made for wearing. $25

69. A lot of three different stylized saw fish. L: 2.75". $65/3

70. A later period shark. L: 2.75". $25

71. A fine weight of a duck standing on webbed feet, his head turned 90 degrees. H: 1". Rare! $100

72. A standing rooster, head straight ahead on flat base. NB II, p. 84 & NB III p. 214. H: 3". Choice! $150

73. Two unusual weights depicting a pair of birds sitting atop a fantanstic fish. L: 3.5". $100/2

74. A long necked bird on square two stepped base. H: 5 cm. $25

75. A cleaned late Ashanti brass weight with a pair of ducks on flat base. Dim: 40 x 15 mm. $10

76. A lot of two similar but slightly later weights; a duck seated on two step base. cp. De R p. 171. H: 1.5". $100/2

77. A fine small rooster perched on three steps. De R p. 165. H: 1". $35

78. A roosting duck on four steps with its egg just out of reach. H: 1.25" Unpublished. (Egg could be casting flaw.) $75

79. A duck on three steps with small fish in its mouth, its head turned slightly to left/ H: 7/8" Unpublished. $75

80. Two examples of a duck on four square steps. De R. p. 170. H: 1.25" $100/2

81. Two examples of a duck on four rectangular steps. De R. p. 170. H: 1.25" $100/2

82. Three examples of a duck on four square steps. De R. p. 170. H: 1.25" $100/3

83. Two ducks sitting slightly tilted on two rectangular steps. De R p. 172. W: 1.3/8th" $65

84. A lot of two examples of two ducks sitting slightly tilted on two rectangular steps. De R p. 172. W: 1.3/8th" $100/2

85. A similar weight but ducks sit tail to head. De R p. 172. $65

86. A pair of toucans on three steps facing each other and nearly touching beaks. Cp. De R p. 172. L: 2.5". $75

87. A pair of toucans of nicer detail on three steps facing each other and nearly touching beaks. Cp. De R p. 172. L: 2.5". $125

88. Three dove-like birds sitting alike on narrow two step base. W: 1.5". $75

89. Three dove-like birds sitting alike on narrow two step base. W: 1.75". $95

90. A lot of two similar to above. $75/2

91. An unusual larger weight depicting a double-headed rooster with one small body of spiral shape. DeR p. 176. W: 3.25" $50

92. An unusual larger weight depicting a double-headed rooster with one small body of spiral shape. DeR p. 176. W: 3.25" $50

93. A similar lot but of two pieces. $75/2

94. Two examples of long necked roosters with heads turned one quarter in either direction. H: 2.5-3.4". $95/2

95. A similar lot, but birds on two and three steps. $75/2

96. A lot of two swan-like birds similar to above on two steps. $150/2

97. A single bird somewhat flawed in the lost wax casting process. H: 65 mm. $25

98. A mixed lot including a bird on steps, a bird broken off base and an intimidating shark in polished brass. L: 1"-2". (Shark is recent) $75/3

99. A duck on a step base. Interesting piece with good age. W: 3 cm $50

100. Four toucans facing center all on round disc base. NB II p. 85. D: 2.75". Nice with lovely patina. $175

101. Two small birds on large flat fantastic river fish looped as a pendant. W: 3.5". Wearable. $75

102. A crocodile (odioka) eating a fish that is already in his jaws. NB II p. 193. L: 3.5". Dark patina. $225

Niangoran-Bouah vascilates in dating this style piece from late 19th to this century. The object is related to the many tales and myths about the strength of the crocodile.

103. A very "brassy" large weight of two crocodiles crossed forming a crude "swastika." Cp. NB II, p. 96, lower right. W: 6.5". $175

Obviously a more recent work .

104. A small crocodile brass weight with incised lozenge designs. L: 2.5". De R pp. 142-43. $75

105. A boldly modeled coiled viper with fangs extended, circular designs for snake scales. NB II, p. 97, P.286. H: 1.25" A superb but later weight with dark patina. $175

106. A similar snake weight, this example with no fangs, and with brassier finish. De R p. 132 top middle. L: 2.5". $75

107. An uncoiled viper with nice dark patina. NB II, p. 131 top. $125

108. A small snake atop a flat-fish pendant. W: 3.25". Unpublished and wearable. $50

109. A small snake atop a flat-fish pendant. W: 3.25". Unpublished and wearable. $50

110. A flat frog weight in dark patina with curvy designs on its back. Apparently unpublished but it was part of the original "dja" or hoard. L: 3". A powerful flat sculpture. $250

111. An early 19th century brass turtle weight with copper dotted inlays similar to earliest serrated circular weights. See Leyton p. 95. L: 2.25". $200

112. A larger but cruder and later "box" turtle with casting flaw atop carapace. L: 3.25". $75

113. A smaller solid brass casting of a box turtle heavier than above example. L: 2". Casting flaw. $60

114. A pendant weight in the form of a crude chameleon with no body detailing on one side and a large suspension loop. NB IIII, p. 221. $50

115. A pendant weight in the form of a crude chameleon with no body detailing and large suspension loop. Cp. NB IIII, p. 221, no loop. $35

116. A rather scrawny chameleon with circular designs and suspension loop. cp. DeR p. 138. $35

117. A larger and more complicated example, the suspension loop never completed. L: 4". $50

118. An Ashanti weight in the form of a crocodile on three stepped base. Nice workmanship. L: 65 mm. $150

119. A late period gold weight in the form of a scorpion with its stinger above its head, claws in front. NB III p. 101. L: 2.25". $200

Weights in Forms of

Things Made by Man

120. A double-bladed scimitar (ohato) with triangular holes on each blade which share a single handle. NB II p. 138 and G plate 57. W:3". $125

121. A double-bladed scimitar (ohato) with triangular holes on each blade which share a single handle. NB II p. 138 and G plate 57. W: 2.7/8". $125

122. A fine small weight in the form of a rectangular shield with nine protuberances in cross design. Z p. 14, #228. Dim: 1" x 1.25". $95

123. A war axe looped for suspension. L: 43 mm. $35

124. A small war axe. Z pl. X, #251. H: 1 5/8th" Rare! $25

125. A six-pronged brass comb weight with incised designs and three decoration holes. NB I p. 33. H: 4.5". $75

126. A lot of two smaller brass combs, one looped for suspension. NB I p. 33. L: 2.75-3". $100/2

Pendant Weights

See NB pp. 170-171

127. A nice Ashanti rattle or bell pendant with three sections, bent for suspension. W: 2". $35

128. A triangular brass pendant with stylizez scorpion in relief. W: 2". Rare and nice. Easily worn with gold chain. $25

129. A "bow tie" pendant with complicated geometric designs in relief. W: 2.5". $35

130. A choice pendant with stylized rooster in relief. D: 2.5 x 2". $200

131. Two cameleon brass Baule pendants, one plain, the other detailed. L: 2.5"- 3". $75/2

132. A rare Baule bronze weight depicting a hand-held hoe, the shaft of which is neatly cast. The working edge is square and out of proportion to the handle. L:65 mm. Unusual. $135

133. Two rectangular shield-shaped pendants. H: 1.5-2.25". $65/2

134. Two round pendants, the larger with a bird in center and missing swirl; the other with solar design. D: 1.25-1.5". $65/2

135. Two rectangular shield-like pendants. W: 1.5'. $30/2

136. A fine crescent pendant with a double band of pseudo-filigree work. W: 1.75". $35

137. Three different cameleon brass Baule pendants, one plain, the other two detailed. L: 2.5"- 3". $100/3

138. Two large rectangular pendants. H: 2.25". $50/2

139. Two square bronze pendants with complicated geometric designs. 2" sq. $50/2

140. Two unusual round pendants, one open, the other with spiral design. D: 4-5 centimeters. $30/2

141. A large cast toucan with spiral designs, a big loop for wearing, but missing one leg.L: 4.5". $125

142. A fine pendant in the shape of a standing gazelle or small antelope with tail curled to one side. H: 1.5". $65

143. A lot of four 20th century votive pendants each with a full-breasted nude female with arms outwards forming a cross with her body. H: 2". Perhaps some Christian influence here. $100/4

144. An unusual Baule ceremonial piece with three cameleons facing downward on a short handled staff. H: 5.5". Rare! $300

145. A lot of two amulet charms looped for attachment. NB II p. 164-65. $35/2

146. A stylized brass weight in the form of an elephant's tail.See NB III p. 163. $15

Finger Rings

All are wearable (1850-1900)

147. A brass finger ring with stylized "swirl swastika." Size 10. $125

148. A brass finger ring with fish weight on top. Size 8.5. $50

149. A fine Asante finger ring with warrrior with shield atop horse on crown of ring. Size 8. $175

150. Another ring, this example with flat bodied bird atop. Size 7. $100

151. A child's finger ring with 16 pellets forming a square design on crown. Size 4. $50

152. A coiled serpent in the form of a finger ring with loop. Size 9. $40

153. A similar "snake" ring with two metal charms suspended from the loop. Size 7. $40

154. A larger examp[le that makes a soft "clinking" sound when shaken. Size 10. $50

155. Four similar examples sizes 4-10. $75/4

Ancestor Masks

156. A fine looped Baule face mask of a round faced man with short beard. H: 3". Probably of recent manufacture. $175

157. A smaller, imperfectly cast, mask with exceptional detail to hair. H: 1.5". NB II p. 291. $50

158. Zaire, Kifebe Tribe, ivory pendant mask known as "buya". See Wingert, de Young Museum #83. H: 2.5". $150

Human Figures

159. Two Ashanti gold weights each depicting a man holding a staff in rt. hand. H: 5.5 cm. $175/2

160. A brass weight of a nude youth, his arms outstretched, right hand missing. H: 2.5". $100

161. An older casting of a man holding a "bread" in his arms. His feet are broken off. H: 2". $65

162. A similar weight with worker holding conical jar atop his head with both hands. He stands on abase. Complete. H: 2.25". $150

163. A beheaded figure of a standing nude female on base. H: 2.7". $100

164. An attached pair of brass acrobats doing a "reverse arm stand." H: 7.5". $250

Most figurative weights concerned with people in every day work as well as most weights that feature weaponry whether native shields or foreign cannons were of Asante (Ashanti) origins. They were the warrior tribe who fought the British. The early geometric and animal weights tend to be of Bauole (Baule) manufacture. See NB II, pp. 215sq.

165. A Baule man tied to a stand with a bowl into which he is probing with both hands, perhaps gathering honey. H: 2.5". Dark patina. $125

This is an excellent lost wax casting, impossible to date precisely. Garrard would place it at the end of the 19th century. NB indicates similar examples, made in the ancient manner, have been made in this century.

166. A nice Ashante weight of a woman missing one leg. H: 2.3". $50

167. A pair of bronzes with three rowers in each boat. From the Dalu collection as Benin, but more the style of early 20th century Ashante.L: 4.5". $350/2

Miscellaneous Sculptures & Weights from Foreign Regions

168. Mali, Dogon Tribe, a fine old casting of an erotic couple atop a bronze pin. H: 6". $300

169. A lot of three spiral serpent weights from the Bobo Tribe. The largest in brass, the other two in tin?, a rarely used material. H: 1.5-2.5". $75/3

170. A Dogon Tribe brass finger ring with two "corn-like" objects on crown. Size 5. $25

171. A large relatively recent brass fish weight with long snout turned downward., NB II p. 293. L: 5.75. Nice! $275

172. A pair of relatively recent Nigerian brass leopards each with prey in their mouths. Small circles adorn the leopards' bodies. Leytner #60. $350/2

173. An antelope weight missing left rear leg which might have been intentionally broken off to "adjust" weight. NB III p. 198. H: 3".$65

174. An old crudely cast snake with flat body. L: 5.25". Probably made in Camerouns. $100

175. Ten old brass pendants shaped like lion incisor teeth--sutable for a necklace. L: 2.25-3.25". $250/10

MANILLAS

The Currency of the Slave Trade

in Western Africa and Their Later Wearable Jewelry Innovations

176. Scotland, c. 1700, a typical brass torque or "manilla" open ended the terminals of which are round and flat. See Quiggins, Primitive Money, pl. 1. This example with dark gray patina was found in a hoard of similar pieces in Nigeria. W: 2.5". $35

177. A huge hoard of 500 typical manillas of the same type as above. Found in Nigeria. These "coins" were used as currency well into the twentieth century. $10,000/500

178. Nigeria, c. 1800-1850, a pair of smaller torques or bangles worn by younger girls. The bracelet has incised work and five protuberances. D: 2". $30/2

179. Nigeria, c. 1800-1850, a simply designed child's torque. D: 1.5". $10

180. A desirable double lion-headed terminal, open-ended torque, very similar to ancient Persian examples! D: 3.25". $100

181. A thick serpentine-shaped bangle bent into an irregular circle with fine incised workmanship. Opening: 1.5"; D: 3.5". $50

182. A large bronze bangle with incised snake designs. D: 3.75". $50

183. A thick, heavy Ashante open ended bangle. W: 4". $150

184. A thick, heavy bangle with incised work. This example most probably considered currency. Opening: .5"; D: 2". $35

185. A well-worn brass bangle of double serpent type. Opening: 2'; D: 3". $50

186. A heavy broad cast bangle with 8 rows of serpents. Opening: 1"; D: 3" H: 2". (A Wonder Woman's bracelet, wearable and thick enough to "ward off a bullet.") $75

187. A heavy broad cast bangle with 6 rows of serpents. Opening: 1.5"; D: 2.5" H: 3". See above. $65

188. A cast and hammered bangle with four sections. D: 3.25". $75

Wearable and would be vastly improved with proper wax claning as would all these treasure trove bracelets.

189. A similar bracelet with three sections. D: 2.5". $50

190. A similar bracelet with four sections and a "buckle" design atop. D: 3". $50

191. A highly detailed cast bangle with rows of intertwined people. This rare piece is obviously quite old and a good example of the finest in cire perdue casting. Opening 1.5"; D: 2.75". Wearable. $200

192. A little later casting more in the style of the gold weight maker's technique. This specimen with a central serpent, in relief, around the torque and between two rows of half crescents. Opening: 1.5"; D: 2". $100

193. A mid-nineteenth century thick twisted brass bangle with delicate incised workmanship. Opening: .75"; D: 2". Nice! $75

194. A similarly shaped example but with planned use as a slave shackel. The lock part missing. opening: 1"; D: 2". $100

195. A child's shackle bracelet with two arrow-like points designed for attachment into a metal chain or wood board for confinement. D: 2". Nasty! $15

196. A plain fully circular bracelet the ends of which are tied around main shaft to give the illusion of a standard shackle. D: 3.75". $35

197. A choice brass bangle with raised central rim and twisted designs around the sides.D: 3.5". Irregular shape. Nice! $75

198. A thinner round brass bracelet with serpent design. D: 2.75". $50

199. A similar bracelet with the snake's head in relief as sort of buckle atop the bracelet. D: 2.75". $75

200. A museum piece, c. 1700 A.D. in form of a twisted torque bracelet in three levels the terminals of which are snake heads, the center design: a knot. D: 2.75". A massive piece in need of cleaning. $500

201. Another museum piece, this a hollow two part massive bracelet with tie holes at each end for attachment to each other. Both parts are nicely designed with crescents in relief. D: 2.75; over-all width 5". $400

(Perhaps gold-plated at one time to be worn in royal Asante ceremonies.)

202. A brass oval-shaped anklet reminiscent or earlier foot shackles but worn as a beauty adornment by both sexes in late 19th century West Africa. Knobbed designs in relief on one edge. D: 3". W: 6". $100

203. A very fine brass manilla bracelet with incised decoration from the Betton Collection. D: 3". $100

204. Slave Trade Manillas, 8 pieces, from the wreck of the English ship, Duoro. See Qiggin's Survey of Primitive Money p. 89. $150/8

Other African Odd & Curious Monies

205. Mali, Timbuctou, pre-1800 terra cotta trade bead necklaces of four very long strands. $100/lot

206. Kissi "Penny" lot over twenty twisted iron ingots used for trade by the Gizi Tribe. L: 10-15". Quiggins, pl. I, 11 $100/20

207. Benin, c. 15th-17th centuries, A polished black stone axe head. Used as a weapon and as trade. See Schulman, Primitive Money, #235.L: 7". Quite rare. $250

208. Congo, Lomami Tribe, 19th century over-sized spear head made by the Turumba people and used for wife and cattle buying. L: 5'. See Quiggin, pl. I, #12. VF . $150

209. Another specimen. $150

210. Congo, Katanga Tribe bronze cross used as money. L: 9". Quiggin, pl. I, #3. $100

211. Another specimen. $100

212. West Africa, Cameroon, a set of cowrie belts with red, white and blue "drum" bead borders and accents; sewn on open-weave cotton backing; consisting of two belts 6.5" each, a 223" bib and a 9.5" braelet. The bib is triangular in shape, suspended by a long narrow belt-pendant, W: 5.5". The bracelet has seed beads. These are similar to those described by William Spengler in a recent article from the Odd & Curious Money Society. $400/lot

More odd & curious items from around the world.

Asia

213. Annam, 18th century silver ingot, "Tw dwe Era, "Tw dwe nien tao." See Schroeder #342. Rare. EF. $150

214. China, Tchou Dynasty, ca. 500-328 B. C. Pu (spade) money. Three examples. VF. $150/3

215. China, Tchou Dynasty, ca. 500-328 B. C. Pu (spade) money. "Ye-shan, abridged from Lang-ye in East Shantung. Sharper detail, not as rounded as above. H: 8 cm.VF+ Two pieces, one holed. $125/2

216. China, Tchou Dynasty, ca. 500-328 B. C. Pu (spade) money. a smaller example with nice green patina. H: 5 cm. F-VF. 2 pcs. $50

217. China, Tchou Dynasty, ca. 328-325 B. C. Pu (spade) money.district of Shansi. H:6.5 cm. VF+. Plus two long knife pieces, one broken. $225/lot

218. China, Han Dynasty, Hsin Wang Mang, c. 7-22 A.D. Knife money, P'ing wu-chien tsien. Value: 5000 cash. L: 6.5 cm. EF. $75

219. China, Han Dynasty, Hsin Wang Mang, c. 7-22 A.D. Knife money, P'ing wu-chien tsien. Value: 500 cash. L: 6.5 cm. Fine. $30

220. China, Han Dynasty, Hsin Wang Mang, c. 7-22 A.D. New Pu money, "Huo-pu (the pu currency)H: 5 cm. VF. Three pcs. $125/3

221. China, Han Dynasty, Hsin Wang Mang, c. 7-22 A.D. Shu money, . Value: 10 hwa. H: 9 cm. VF. $125

222. China, a lot of three antique but not ancient copies of above types. $50/3

223. China, 19th century AD, a fine silver sycee-shaped amulet with Chinese characters on the base. W: 2". Choice. $75

224. Chinese brick tea "money" from 1889-1920's. This example with raised Chinese letters. Dim: 9x7.5x.75". Quiggins, pp. 222-223. VF. $100

225. China, Another example. $100

226. China, A third specimen. $100

227. Japan, 1835-1878, bronze oval 100 Mon coins, 2 specimens; along with a round amulet. 40 mm., with square hole and fan-like design. All EF. $75/3

228. Thailand, c. 1750-1850, a lot of ten silver "bullet" or baht coins, valued at 1-5 bahts. Quiggin, pl. 21, 5-9. VF. $100/10

229. ThAiland, a larger silver bullet of 15 grams, along with two porcelain gambling tokens. $50/3

230. Thailand, 1650-1775, a lot of three pieces of "tiger tongue" money. L: 4". Quiggin, pl. 21, 4. $75/3

231. Thailand, c. 1600-1750, a single small example of "tiger tongue" money. L: 2.75" $35

232. Thailand, 19th century porcelain gambling tokens for one salung and one fuang. These colorful glass objects are all different. This lot includes 42 colorful pieces in an assortment of shapes and sizes. $250/42

233. Thailand, A similar lot of 47 porcelain gambling tokens. $275/47

234. Burma, c. 1802-1852, a fine pair of bronze birds (henthas) on hexagonal base with one head tuft, two manes, and a star on r. side. H: 4 cm. See Gear, Earth to Heaven, p. 97, period B, first example. Superb. $75/2

235. Burma, c. 1802-1852, a fine pair of bronze birds (henthas) on hexagonal base with one head tuft, single mane. H: 4 cm. See Gear, Earth to Heaven, p. 97, period B, second example. Superb. $75/2

236. Burma, a lot of four "opium weights" two similar to above henthas, the other two are larger elephants. H: 1-2.5". $100/4

North America

237. Canada, Hudson's Bay Co., Trading Post, a pair of fish hooks used as barter as well as for their functional use. See National Geographic, Dec. 1927. L: 3". $50/2

238. Mesoamerica, Mexico, c. 500-750 A. D. a cast heavy bronze axe head with rounded blade, flanges on both sides for shaft and two horned pic on butt. Unusual, similar to Celtic examples. Ex James Betton III Collection. L: 19 cm. $200

239. Mexico, c. 800-900 A. D. an open split shaft hoe, pierced on side. L: 11.2 cm. $125

240. Mexico, c. 1000 A. D. a lot of five thin copper hoes, the last in the bronze age tradition from Mexico prior to the conquest. These were unquestionably used as barter money and derived from the above two lots. This lot has three different shapes and various sizes each representing different trade values. L: 4.5-7". $150/5

241. United States, a mid-nineteenth century large cent made into a "tack." $25

Europe

242. Three sets of weights, a complete Danish boxed set of gram weights, a similar set missing one weight, a modern set as new, and a set of nested weights, complete. $200/lot

A to Z Foreign Coin Auction

Coins will be arranged alphabetically by name of issuing nation, state or city

(CN=copper-nickel)

(AE=base metal)

(KM=Krause & Mishler)

243. Afghanistan, 1930, 1 AR Afghani. KM. 921. EF. $10

244. Albania, 1926 1 Lek. KM 5. EF. $20

245. Algeria, 1950, 100 Francs (CN), EF. $20

246. Andorra, 1878, 10 centimos (AE) Not in KM, World Coins. Proof. $50

247. Angola, 1860, AE 1/2 Macuta. KM 43. VF. $20

248. ___, Joseph I, 1775, copper 5 reis. KM 19. Nice EF. $35

249. Anguilla, Countermarked over a Mexican 5 peso, ANGUILLA LIBERTY DOLLAR, JULY 11,1967. KM 3A, KM 467 Mexico. $100

250. Antigua, 1836, token farthing. KM Tn1, VF, scarce. $40

251. Antwerp, 1814, 5 centimes AE Napoleonic siege coin, KM 2.1 (Belgium). Fine. $30

252. Argentina, 1891, copper 2 centavos. KM 8. VF+. $30

253. ___, Essai or pattern, 1878, copper 2 centavos. BU. $45

254. Australia, 1851, copper Melbourne Halfpenny Token. Kangaroo/Britannia. Andrews 573, KM Tn244. EF. $75

255. ___, 1857, copper Sydney Penny Token. KM Tn81. VF. $25

256. ___, ND, copper Sydney Penny Token. Iredale & Co. KM Tn 134. EF. $250

257. ___, 1934-1935, AR Florin of the Centenniel of Victoria and Melbourne, KM 33. Unc. $300

258. ___, George VI, 1937 silver crown. KM 34. BU. $50

259. Austria, Maria Theresa, 1766 AR thaler, Arms/Cross. KM 747. ex L. Upton Collection. About VF. $25

260. Azores, Luiz I, 1865, copper 5 reis. KM 13. EF. $30

261. ___, Luiz I, 1865, copper 10 reis. KM 14. EF. $30

262. ___, Luiz I, 1843, copper 20 reis. KM 12. EF. $40

263. ___, C arlos I, 1901, copper 10 reis. KM 17. EF. $15

264. Bahamas, 1806, George III, copper penny, engrailed edge. KM 1, Nice VF. $75

265. Bahrain, 1969 250 fils (CN) KM 7. Unc. $10

266. ___, 1968, silver 500 Fils. KM 8. Unc. $10

267. Barbados, 1788, copper penny. Hd. of Negro l./Pineapple. KM Tn5, Guttag Coll. #287, ex J. Nestles Coll. EF. $250

268. ___, 1792, copper 1/2 penny. Hd. of Negro l./Chariot. Guttag Coll. #286. KM Tn10. VF and rare. $150

269. Baroda, Indian State, 1892 silver rupee. KM 36(India) . EF, cleaned. $25

270. Barcelona, 1811, copper peseta. C. L -15 (Spain). VF+, Scarce. $35

271. Belgian Congo, Leopold II, 1887, 1888 the 1, 2, 5 and 10 centimes set. KM 1-4. All EF-Unc. $60/4

272. ___, 1943, brass hexagonal 2 francs with elephant reverse. KM 25. nearly unc. $25

273. Belgian Congo and Ruanda Urundi, 1954, 5 Francs, (AL). KM 3. BU. $5

274. Belgium under Austria, 1788, Joseph II, AE Kreuzer. EF. Rare. $20

275. Belgium, Leopold I, 1857, 10 centimes (AE). KM 5.1. EF. $25

276. ___, Leopold III, 1935, silver 20 francs. KM 105. Unc. $25

277. Belize, 1976, 1, 5, 10, 25 cent set. KM 1-4. Unc. $15/4

278. Bermuda, George III, 1793 copper penny. Rx: Frigate. EF. Rare. $100

279. ___, Elizabeth II, 1964 silver crown. KM 14. Unc. $5

280. Bhutan, King Jigma Wangchuk, 1966, 3 rupees (Ni). KM 32. $5

281. Bohemia & Moravia, 1943 zinc 50 haleru. KM3. Unc. $15

282. Bohemia under Austria, 1781, copper one groeschel, Vienna Mint. EF. $15

283. Bolivia, 1838LM, AR 8 soles. Laur. bust of Bolivar r./Tree. KM 97. EF. $75

284. ___, 1856FJ, AR 8 soles. Laur. hd. of Bolivar l./Tree. Cp. KM 137 for 1859. No reference number for date of this coin. Nice VF. $1000

285. ___, 1830JL, AR 4 soles, Laur. bust of Bolivar r./Tree. KM 98a.1. VF. $35

286. ___, 1857FJ, AR 4 soles, Laur. hd. of Bolivar l./Tree. KM 123.2. VF. $25

287. ___, 1898, silver 50 centavos. KM 151.5. EF. $15

288. Botswana, 1966 AR 50 cents. KM 1. Unc. $10

289. Brazil, Maria, 1799, copper 10 reis. KM 228. VF. scarce. $15

290. ___. Joannes, 1810, silver 960 reis. KM 307.1. Choice unc. $75

291. ___, Pedro I, 1830, AE 80 reis. KM 366.1. F+. $15

292. ___, Pedro II, 1855, AR 1000 reis. KM 485. EF $20

293. ___, Pedro II,1851, AR 2000 reis, KM 462. Unc. $100

294. British Colonies, West Indies, Anchor Coinage, AR 1/4 dollar, 1822. KM 3. VF+. $40

295. ___, Anchor Coinage, AR 1/4 dollar, 1822. KM 3. F+. $20

296. ___, British Eastern Caribbean Territories, Elizabeth II, 1955, 50 cents (CN). KM 6. BU $10

297. British Guiana, George I, 1813, copper stiver, William IV, 1836. AR guilder. KM 25. Fine. $15

298. ___, George VI, 1942, AR 4 pence. KM 30. Unc. $15

299. ___, West Indies, Victoria, AR 4 pence. KM 26. EF. $35

300. ___Edward VII, 1903 AR 4 pence. KM 27. VF+. $15

301. British Honduras, Victoria, 1894, AR 5 cents. KM 9. VF $15

302. ___, Victoria, 1894, AR 50 cents. KM 10. VF+. $25

303. British North Borneo, 1885H, copper half cent. KM 1. Unc. $75

304. ___, 1887H, copper half cent. KM 1. EF $20

305. ___, 1891H, copper half cent. KM 1. UNC $50

306. ___, 1890 copper cent. KM 2. VF+. $10

307. ___, 1938, copper cent. KM 3. Unc. $20

308. British West Africa, Edward VIII, 1936 AR 1/10th penny. KM 14 . proof. $100

309. Brunei, AH 1304, copper cent. KM 3. VF+. $25

310. Buck Island B.V.I. (private coinage) copper half buck. Unc. $15

311. Buenos Aires, 1823, copper decimo. KM 1 (Argentina). Fine. $5

312. ___, 1827, copper 5/10 real. KM 3. VF. $10

313. Bulgaria, ALexander I, 1884, silver 5 Leva, KM 7. EF. $55

314. ___, Alexander I, 1892 silver 5 Leva. KLM 15. Unc. $125

315. ___, Boris III, 1937 silver 100 leva. KM 43. EF. $20

316. Burma, 1852, silver Pe, peacock/wreath. KM 6.1v. VF. $20

317.___,1852, silver Mu,peacock/wreath. KM 7.1. Fine $10

318. ___, 1852, silver Kyat, peacock/wreath. KM 10. Nice VF. $35

319. Cambodia, 1847 copper Pe. bird/blank. KM 2. VF. $30

320. ___ND, copper Pe. bird/blank. KM 7. VF. $10

321. ___, Norodom I, 1860, silver franc. KM 46.1. EF. $175

322. ___, 1953, 10 centimes (AL) KM 51. BU. $5

323. Cameroon, 1948, 2 francs (AL). KM 9. BU. $5

324. ___, Republic, 1960, 50 francs (CN) KM 13. Unc. $10

325. ___, Republic, 1966 100 francs (NI) piefort. KM14. Unc. $10

326. Canada, 1820, Bust and harp 1/2 penny token. Breton #144, Type III, 10 string harp. VF and rare. $100

327. ___, 1850, Bank of Upper Canada copper half penny token. EF. $20

328. ___, George VI, 1939 silver commemorative dollar for Royal visit to Parliament. Charlton p. 127. BU. $200

329. ___, George VI, 1949, silver commemorative dollar for entry of Newfoundland into Confederation. Charlton p. 130. Prooflike $100

330. ___, Elizabeth II, 1958 silver dollar comnmemorative for British Columbia Centenniel. Charlton p. 134. BH. $200

331. Cape of Good Hope, Capetown Token, ND, copper. Issued by Marsh & Sons. VF. $50

332. Cape Verde, 1930, copper 10 centavos. KM 2. BU. $5

333. Caracas, 1817, copper 1/4 real. KM 2 (Venezuela). VF, edge clip. $10

334. Cataluna, 1838, copper VI Quartos. KM CL40.3. VF and Rare. $400

335. Cayenne, French Colony, Louis XVI, 1782, billon 2 sous. KM 1.VF. $30

336. Cayman Islands, 1972 $25 in gold commemorating Elizabeth's 25th Wedding Anniversary. KM 9a. Proof. $125

337. Celebes, (Indonesia) c. 1834, one copper keping with C. R. Read on pediment below fighting cock. Scholten #992. EF. $25

338. Central African Republic, Equatorial African States, 1963, 50 francs, (CN) KM3. Unc. $10

339. Central American Union, 1889, copper 1 centavo. BU, $50

340. Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Dutch East India Co. 1787, crude thick copper stiver, VOC, G above for Galle Mint. Scholten #1342. Scarce. F+. $45

341. ___, 1804, silver 24 stivers, elephant/24. KM 76. Nice VF. $75

342. ___, 1802, copper 1/192 Rixdollar, elephant/192. KM 73. VF. $25

343. Cheribon, West Java, ND, tin Pitis (1/1500 of 1 cent. Square central hole. Scarce, VF. $20

344. Chile, 1874, silver peso. KM 142.1. EF. $50

345. ___, 1877, silver peso. KM 142.1. EF. $50

346. China Republic, Sun Yat-sen, 1912 silver Yuan (memento dollar). Y. 318a.1 (with rosettes) . BU. $50

347. ___, Sun Yat-sen, 1933, silver dollar, no birds over junk. Y 345. BU. $50

348. Cochin China, (Under the French), 1879, holed copper Sapeque. KM 2. Unc. $25

349. Colombia, 1872, silver 2 1/2 centavos (Bogata). KM 169. F. scarce $5

350. ___, silver 50 centavos, KM 187.2. EF. $30

351. ___, Santandar Pattern, 1902, uniface 50 centavos in copper. Y 53. Rare. $75

352. ___, Leprosarium Coinage, 1921, 2 centavos (CN). KM L1. VF. $5

353. Comoros, Anjouan Sultanate, AH 1308. KM 1.1/ VF. $12

354. Copiapo, (Chile)silver uniface 50 centimes seige money. KM 1. VF. $50

355. Cordoba, (Argentina) 1844 silver real. KM 21. Fine. $20

356. Corfu, Cephalonia & Zanke, (Greece) c. 1780 (ND) AE20. Inscription both sides. Fine. $25

357. Costa Rica, 1880, silver 50 centavos. KM 124. VF+. $20

358. ___, 1937, 1 colon (CN). KM 177. Unc. $20

359. Crete, (Greece) 1900, 20 lepta (CN). KM 5. EF+. $45

360. ___, 1901, silver 50 lepta. KM 6. VF. $50

361. Croatia, 1941, zinc 2 kune. KM 2. Unc. $30

362. Cuba, 1953, silver peso commemorative of Jose Marti. KM 29. Unc. $25

363. ___, 1949, silver 10 centavos. KM 12. Unc. $5

364. Culian Island Leper Colony (Philippines) 1922, 1 peso (CN). KM 16. EF. $20

365. Curacao, 1821, silver Reaal. KM 26.1. EF. Rare! $325

366. ___, 1900, silver 1/4th gulden

Queen/Shield. KM 44v. EF. $30

367. ___, 1944, silver 2 1/2 gulder. KM 46. unc. $10

368. Cyprus, Victoria, 1879, copper 1/2 piastre. KM 2. Rare. Unc. $175

369. ___, George V, 1921. silver 4 1/2 piastres. KM 15. VF. $10

370. Czechoslovakia, 1954, silver 25 Korun. KM 41. Unc. $10

371. ___, 1955, silver 100 Korun. KM 45. Unc. $35

372. Dalmatia & Albania, (Venetian Issue) 18th century undated copper gazetta. VF. $25

373. Danish East India, 1718, copper Daler. Very rare and VF. $150

374. Danish West Indies, 1767, silver XII skilling, Crowned C/Frigate.KM 12. VG/VF. Rare. $75

375. ___, Frederik VII, 1868, silver 20 cents. Hd. r./Frigate. KM 67. VF+. $50

376. ___, Frederik VII, 1862, AR 10 cents. KM 66. VF. $15

377. ___, 1905 copper nickel 5 cents. KM 77. EF. $20

378. Danzig, (Poland) 1809, copper Groschen. KM 137. VF. $40

379. ___, 1923, bronze pfennig, KM 140. EF. $5

380. Denmark, 1814, copper Rigsbank 16 skillings. KM 684. VF. $25

381. ___, Christian VIII, 1842, copper Rigsbankskilling. KM Tn3 (726.1.) EF. $15

382. Devil's Island, (Cayenne) Louis XVI, 1789 (Year of the Start of the Revolution) billon 2 sous. KM 1.VF. $25

383. Diu, (Portuguese India), 1799 5 Bazarucus. KM 52. F+. $50

384. Djibouti, c. 1900, the countermark for Aba Latif M a'a al-Pasah bi Jibuti on a silver 1830 4 Sole piece of Bolivia! There appears to be two countermarks. cp. KM 2. Crude and rare! $200

385. Dominican Republic, 1877, copper centavo. KM 3. EF+. $7

386. ___, Trujillo, 1955, silver Peso. KM 23. Unc. $25

387. East Africa, Victoria, 1899 copper Pice. KM 1. BU, proof-like. $100

388. ___, George V, 1911, 10 cenrts (CN). KM 8. Unc. $40

389. ___, Edward VII, silver 50 cents. KM 4. AU. $100

390. ___, George VI, 1941, silver shilling. KM 28. EF-Unc. $15

391. Ecuador, 1842MV, silver 1/4 real. KM 26v. Only VG. Rare. $100

392. ___1890, silver Sucre. KM 53.3. Ef-Unc. $50

393. ___, 1943, silver 5 Sucres. KM 79, Unc. $10

394. Egypt, 1877. silver 10 Girsh. KM 295, year 21. EF. $40

395. ___1916, silver 25 Piastres. KM 319. EF+. $35

396. ___, Fuad I, 1933, silver 20 Piastres. KM 352. VF+. $50

397. El Salvador, 1892 , silver Peso. KM 114. VF+, minor rim nicks. $175

398. ___, 1914, silver peso. KM 115.2. Almost unc. $75

399. Eritrea, Umberto I, 1890, silver Lira. KM 2. EF with rim nick. $90

400. ___, Colonial Coinage silver Tallero. 1918. KM 5. VF+. $125

401. Esperanto, L. L. Zamenhof., 1959, 10 stelos (CN). Not in WC. Unc. $25

402. Essequibo & Demerary, (British Guina), George III, 1813, copper half stiver. KM 9. VF+. $50

403. ___, George III, 1813, copper stiver. KM 10. Nearly VF. $30

404. Estonia, 1926. , nickel 3 Marka . KM 6. VF+. $50

405. ___, 1929, bronze 1 sent. KM 10. Unc. $5

406. ___, 1930, silver 2 Krooni. KM 20. EF. $15

407. Ethiopia, Menelik II, 1897 silver Birr (Crown). KM 19. F+. $20

408. ___, Menelik II, 1897 1/100th Birr in copper. KM 9. BU. $50

409. ___. Menelik II, 1897 1 silver Gersh. KM 12. VF. $12

410. ___, 1931, nickel 25 Matonas. KM 30. BU. $10

411. Faeroe Island, (Denmark) 1941, 10 ore (CN). KM 4. EF. $25

412. Falkland Islands, Elizabeth II, 1974 5 pence (CN). KM 4. Unc. $5

413. Fiji Islands, 1935, penny (CN). KM 2. VF+. $5

414. ___, 1940, half penny, (CN). KM 14. BU. $55

415. ___, 1937, silver shilling. KM 9. EF. $30

416. ___, 1942S, silver shilling. KM 12a. Unc. . $10

417. Finland, 1866, copper 10 Pennia. KM 5.1, VF+. $40

418. ___, Liberated Finnish Gov't Issue, 1918, 5 Pennia. KM 21.1. Unc with spots. $50

419. ___, 1937S, Al-Br. 20 Markkaa. KM 32. AU. $25

420. ___, 1952, iron 1 markkaa. KM 30b. Unc. $10

421. France, Louis XVI, 1785, copper 1/2 Sol. Gadaury349. VF. $35

422. ___, Napoleon I, 1813M, silver five francs. KM. 894.10. VF. $85

423. ___, Charles X, 1830W, silver 5 Francs. KM 728.13. VF. $45

424. ___, Louis Philippe I, 1839, copper Essai. Rx. Londres. AU. Mazard #1189. $100

425. ___, Napoleon III, Second Empire,1854A copper 10 centimes. KM 771.1, AU. $50

426. ___, 1944, brass 2 Francs, Allied Occupation Issue. KM 905. EF. $15

427. French Colonies, 1722, Louis XV, copper Sous. Cp. VG, pl. 500 #13. VF. $50

428. ___, Charles X, 1825, copper 5 centimes. KM 10.1. VF. $20

429. ___, Louis Philippe, 1841, copper 10 centimes. KM 13. VF. $25

430. French Equatorial Africa, 1942, b rass 50 centimes. KM 1. Unc. $20

431. French Guiana, Cayenne, 1792 copper 2 Sous. KM 3, VG #117. VF. $125

432. ___, Republic of Guiana, Louis Philippe, 1846, 10 centimes (CN) Signed Barre.. KM E2. VF+. $125

433. French India, Louis XV, c. 1735, silver fanam. KM 39, VG #31. EF. $50

434. ___, Louis XV, c. 1735, copper half doudou. KM 34, VG #35. VF. $15

435. French Indo China, 1899 copper centime. KM 4. Unc $20

436. ___, 1902, silver 20 cents. KM 10. EF. $100

437. French Oceania, 1959, aluminum 2 francs. KM 2. BU. $5

438. French Polynesia, 1967, nickel 50 francs. KM 7. Unc. $10

439. French Somal;ia, 1949, aluminum 2 francs. KM 5. BU. $70

440. French Territory of Togo, 1956, brass5 francs. KM 6.BU. $10

441. French West Africa, 1883, 10 units. KM Tn8. BU. Rare. $500

442. ___, 1944, aluminum-bronze 1 franc. KM 2. EF. $15

443. Galapagos Islands, 1889 silver Sucre countermarked with an RA. See World Coins, p. 284 which suggests such marks are suspect.. VF. $125

444. Gambia, Elizabeth II, 1966 (CN) 4 shillings. BU. $5

445. Gelderland, (Holland), 1785, silver Stuiver. KM82b. VF. $20

446. Genoa, 1792, silver solidi, Arms/Denomination. VF. $15

447. Georgia, 1804, copper Bisti. KM 72. VF. $150

448. ___, 1804-1833, silver 2 Abazi. KM 75. VF, Scarce. $75

449. German States, Aachen, 1794, copper 2 Heller. KM-?. EF. $50

450. ___, Anhalt-Bernburg, 1738, silver 8 Groschen. KM 42.1. VF. $45

451. ___, ___, 1867, copper 3 Pfennige. KM 92. Unc. $65

452. ___, Augsburg, 1805, copper Pfenning. KM 191. VF. $10

453. ___, Baden, 1844, silver half gulden. KM 204. Nearly VF. $10

454. ___, ___, 1844, copper 1 Kreuzer, Erection of statue. KM218. VF+. $30

455. ___, ___, 1844, copper 1 Kreuzer. KM 2o3. BU. $40

456. ___, ___, 1869, copper 1 Kreuzer. KM 242. Unc. $25

457. ___, ___, 1848, silver 6 Kreuzer. KM 210. EF, edge nick. $10

458. ___, Bavaria, 1796, copper 2 Pfenning. KM 307. EF. $10

459. ___, ___, 1779, silver 20 Kreuzers. Type of KM 311. VF+. $100

460. ___, ___, 1866, silver 3 Kreuzers. KM 488. Unc. $30

461. ___, ___, Prince Regent Luitpold, 1911d silver 3 Marks. KM 516. EF. $25

462. ___, Berg, 1804, copper half Stuber. KM 2. VF+. $25

463. ___, ___, 1806, silver 3 Stuber. KM 1. EF. $20

464. ____, Brandenburg-Ansbach-Bayreuth, 1746, silver Kreuzer. KM 5. VF. $15

465. ___, Brandenburg-Bayreuth, 1750, copper 1 Heller. KM 205. EF, rare. $40

466. ___, Bremen, 1752, billon Schwaren. KM 100.2 VF, dark tone. $25

467. ___, ___, 1802, copper 2 1/2 Shwaren. KM 220. EF. $25

468. ___, Brunswick Wolfenbuttel, 1789, billon, 1/12th Thaler. VG. $10

469. ___, ___, 1797MC, copper Pfenning. KM 995. EF. $15

470. ___, ___, 1805MC, copper Pfenning. KM 995. VF. $10

471. ___, ___, 1852, copper two Pfennige. EF+. KM 1143. $25

472. ___,___, 1860, copper Pfennig. KM 1154. EF. $15

473. ___, ___, 1859, silver Groschen. KM 1150. EF. $10

474. ___, Cleves, 1753, copper duit. KM 53. VF. $20

475. ___, Cologne, Clemens, Archbishop, 1744, billon 1 stuber. KM 138. VF. $25

476. ___, ___, ND (1789) copper "bread penny". KM Tn1. VF $15

477. ___, Dortmund, 1756, copper 1/4th Stuber. KM 105. Fine. $10

478. ___, East Friesland, 1823, copper 1/4th Stuber. KM 280. VF. $10

479. ___, Frankfurt am Main, 1795, copper 2 Pfennig. KM 287. VF+. $25

480. ___, ___, 1839, billon Kreuzer. City view. KM 317. Unc. $30

481. ___, ___, 1821, copper heller.KM 301. EF. $10

482. ___, ___, Token Issue "Jewish Pfennigs", 1807 Theler.KM Tn1. EF. $15

483. ___, ___, similar, 1809 Atribuo. KM TN2. VF. $10

484. ___, ___, similar, 1819 Heller. KM Tn4. VF. $20

485. ___, ___, similar, 1821 Heller. KM Tn12. EF. $25

486. ___, ___, similar, 1819 Pfennig. KM Tn7.EF. $10

487. ___, ___, 1822 Pfennig. KM Tr13. EF. $15

488. ___, Fulda, 1769 copper Pfennig. EF. $15

489. ___, Goritz, 1799 copper 2 Soldi. EF. $25

490. ___, Goslar, 1760 copper pfenning. VF. $15

491. ___, Hamburg, 1750, silver schilling. VF. $20

492. ___, ___, 1809, billon Dreiling. KM 235. $25

493. ___, ___, 1855 silver schilling. KM 277. EF $12

494. ___, Hannover, 1847, silver 6 Pfennig. KM 206. EF. $12

495. ___, ___, 1826, copper 2 Pfennnige. KM 126.2. EF. $25

496. ___, ___, 1849B, copper 2 Pfennige. KM 202.1. VF $8

497. ___, ___, 1858, silver Groschen. KM 226. EF. $10

498. ___, Hesse-Cassel, 1783, copper 1/4th Kreuzer. EF+. $15

499. ___, ___, 1791, copper 2 Heller. VF+. $15

500. ___, ___, 1825 silver 1/6th Thaler. KM 579.1. VF. $25

501. ___, ___, 1838 silver 1/6th Thaler. KM 590. EF. $25

502. ___, Hesse-Darmstadt, 1810, copper Pfennig. KM 280. EF. $30

503. ___, ___, 1870, silver Kreuzer. KM 339. Unc. $25

504.___,Hesse-Hanau-Muenzenburg, 1773 copper Kreuzer. KM ?.VF+. $20

505. ___, Hildesheim, 1764, silver1/12th Thaler. KM 109. Nice VF. $25

506. ___, Isenburg, "Snipe Heller". copper, ND (1847). Snipe l. KM M5. EF+. $50

507. ___, ___, "Snipe Heller". copper, ND (1861). Snipe r. KM M6. EF. $50

508. ___,Lippe-Detmold, 1764, copper 1/8th Thaler. KM ?. VF. $15

509. ___, ___, 1858, copper Pfenning. KM 260. EF. $20

510. ___, ___, 1860, silver Groschen. KM 265. F+. $10

511. ___, Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort, 1801 copper Pfenning. KM 100. VF+. $40

512. ___, Lowenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg-Rochefort, 1802, copper Pfenning. KM 28. VF $10

513. ___, Lubeck, 1728, silver schilling. KM 141. VF. $25

514. ___, ___, 1778, silver 4 schillings. KM ?. Fine. $15

515. ___, Mainz, 1766, copper 4 Pfenn ige. KM 357. VF. $20

516. ___, Mainz, 1795, copper 1/4th Kreuzer. KM 403. VF+. $15

517. ___, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 1768, silver schilling. KM 204. VF. $15

518. ___, ___, 1845, silver 3 Pfenninge. KM 297. EF. $25

519. ___, ___, 1852, silver 1/48th Thaler. KM 311. EF. $15

520. ___, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 1855, Copper 1/48thThaler. KM 107a. VF. $10

521. ___, ___, 1862A, copper III Pfenninge. KM 95. Unc. $30

522. ___, Munster, 1755, Bishop's Issue. copper 4 pfenninge. KM 179. VF. $15

523. ___, ___, City Issue, 1758, copper Pfenning. KM 335. VF. $10

524. ___, ___,1760 copper 3 pfenninge. KM 430. VF. $15

525. ___, ___, 1790, copper Pfenning. KM 450. VF+. $15

526. ___, Nassau, 1810, silver 3 kreuzer. KM 4. EF but tiny pin-hole in field. $10

527. ___, Nassau-Weilburg, 1856, copper Kreuzer. KM 53. EF+. $10

528. ___, Oldenburg, 1858B, silver Groschen. KM 60a. EF+. $30

529. ___, ___, 1858B, silver 2 1/2 Groschen. KM 62. VF. $20

530. ___, Osnabruck, 1726, copper 4 pfennig. C 13. VF. Scarce. $25

531. ___, ___, 1795, copper 1 1/2 pfennig. KM 5. Nice VF. $25

532. ___, Paderborn, 1743, copper 3 Pfenning. C 1. Nice VF. $20

533. ___, Pfalz-Sulzbach, 1773, copper 1/4th Kruezer. KM 142. EF. Rare. $25

534. ___, ___, 1774, copper Kreuzer. KM 144. Nice VF. $35

535. ___, Posen (Poland), 1816A, copper Groschen.. KM 30. VF+. $20

536. ___, Pomerania, (Sweden) copper 3 pfenninge with griffin. C29. Fine. $10

537. ___, Prussia, 1774, billon 1/48th thaler. KM 327. EF. $25

538. ___, ___, 1775F, billon 1/12th thaler. KM ? Nearly VF. $15

539. ___, ___, 1797, silver 4 Groschen. Fine. $20

540. ___, ___, 1804, silver 4 Groschen. KM 370.1 Fine+ $20

541. ___, ___, 1816, copper 2 Pfennig. KM 391. VF. $5

542. ___, ___, 1844, silver 4 Groschen. KM 436.2. VF. $10

543. ___, ___, 1858, silver Groschen. KM 462. EF. $35

544. ___, ___, 1872, silver Groschen. KM 485.1. EF. $35

545. ___,___, 1860, copper 3 Pfenninge. KM 453.1. BU. $20

546. ___, Regensburg, 1677-1802. copper uniface octagonal bracteate with crossed keys. EF. $25

547. ___, Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebers-

dorf, 1844, copper Pfennig. KM 1. VF+. $10

548. ___, Reuss-Schleiz, 1864 copper 3 Pfenninge. KM 70. EF. $15

549. ___, Rostock, 1761, copper 6 Pfenning with griffin. C 14. VF+. $30

550. ___, Saxe-Altenburg, 1856 copper 2 Pfennige. KM 15. AU. $50